If your water tastes like metal, leaves orange stains on your sink, or makes your hair feel like straw, test it immediately. Also test if you have a private well (because that water comes straight from the dirt’s mouth), if you’ve smelled a weird odor, or if your pipes were installed during the Nixon administration.
Do it after heavy rainfall too—because groundwater loves to invite mud and manure to the party. And for the love of hydration, test every year. That’s not a suggestion; that’s a barely-disguised threat from your local health department.